The U.N.’s latest report on the state of the world’s 1.2 billion adolescents gives food for thought, especially on the plight of India’s girls aged between 10 and 19.
The report explores a range of issues affecting teenagers around the globe, from nutrition and health to sexual behaviour, knowledge on HIV/AIDS, attitudes towards gender violence and access to education.
Data from surveys of adolescent girls in India, and South Asia in general, are once again a reality check – which we shouldn’t need but unfortunately still do.
Soon to overtake China as the world’s most populous nation by 2050, India already has the highest number of adolescents in the world at 243 million, says the report by the U.N. Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
Yet nearly half of Indian girls aged 15 to 19 are underweight, and more than a quarter are underweight in 10 other countries including Bangladesh, Nepal, Niger, Ethiopia and Cambodia.
“Such undernutrition renders adolescents vulnerable to disease and early death, and has lifelong health consequences,” says the report. “In adolescent mothers, undernutrition is related to slow foetal growth and low birthweight.”
Another startling health indicator is that 56 percent of India’s adolescent girls are anaemic – the sixth highest rate in the world. Mali has the worst, with 68 percent of girls suffering an iron deficiency.
Anaemia increases the maternal risk of haemorrhage and sepsis during childbirth, as well as cognitive and physical problems in young children, and reduces productivity in adults.
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